In addition, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs in advanced cancers and enhances the immunosuppressive action by increasing the production of PD-L1 and IDO-1.14–18 A recent study reported that N-cadherin initiates the EMT process.19 Therefore, we hypothesized that N-cadherin deletion can improve the efficacy of TIL-related immunotherapy by reversing the EMT and then decreasing the production of PD-L1 and IDO-1. This evidence concerns the gene IDO1 and cancer.