IL11 and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Its increased expression in tumors is correlated with disease progression and poor prognosis.25 We confirmed that OSM and IL-11 were abundantly secreted by co-cultured TANs and TAMs, respectively, but not by ICC cells (online supplemental figure 10), which revealed the paracrine roles of those two cytokines in cooperatively promoting ICC cell proliferation, invasion and colony formation.