STAT3 signaling is frequently activated in cancer cells through genetic or epigenetic mechanisms and plays a key role in regulating many genes that promote inflammation in the tumor microenvironment.24 Our results revealed a microenvironment-mediated mechanism of STAT3 signaling activation in ICC, which suggested that interaction between TANs and TAMs contributes to ICC progression by activating STAT3. Here, STAT3 is linked to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.