APOA1 and malnutrition: Three studies of severe malnutrition survivors examined lipid metabolism, with two finding no differences between the lipid profiles of controls and survivors at ~9 years (Malawi) and ~20 years (Mexico), respectively.9 42 One study found reduced apolipoprotein A1 in Senegalese marasmus survivors compared with well-nourished controls (p<0.05) but no difference compared with sibling controls.20