These metabolic features mirror clinical studies, which demonstrate that lean human females, who tend to accumulate relatively more subcutaneous adipose fat versus VAT, are more insulin sensitive than lean males, but that aging and obesity erodes IR differences between sexes (Cnop et al., 2003; Kautzky-Willer et al., 2016). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.