In contrast, although the abundance of circulating MOs was unaffected in RA, prior studies have shown that their transcriptional profile is different from non-inflammatory controls.39 We therefore hypothesised, having shown that the epigenetic status of CD14+ MOs controls the inhibitory TNF effect, that RA blood CD14+ MOs may exhibit a distinct epigenetic state. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and rheumatoid arthritis.