In T2DM patients, circulating BNP levels had positive correlation with age, diabetic duration, cystatin C, NLR, and prevalence of osteoporosis, hypertension (SBP and PP), PAD, DR, DPN (VPT values), and DN (urinary ACR and creatinine), and negative correlation with TG, FBG, bilirubin (TBIL and IBIL), eGFR, calcium, lymphocyte count, Hb, OSTA, and BMD at different skeletal sites and corresponding T scores (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05; Table 2). Here, CST3 is linked to peripheral arterial disease.