Several proteins have been expressed significantly different during metformin treatment and hyperinsulinemia, of which AMFR, CCND2, CD63, CEACAM8, CTSL, GFAP, GUSB, IRF4, PI3, PLCG2, SORL1, TFRC, VEGFA, VTCN1, and WNT2B have already been discussed above. Here, PI3 is linked to hyperinsulinism.