In the context of a hyperinsulinemic environment, as seen in obese women or PCOS patients, further proteins might be of interest, i.e. AMFR, CCND2, CD63, ERBB3, EZR, GFAP, IRF4, PI3, PLCG2, SORL1, VEGFA, VTCN1, SPP1, and TM9SF2, because sensitization to insulin due to metformin administration might be able to counteract unfavorable effects on their expression profile that have been induced by hyperinsulinemia. The gene discussed is VTCN1; the disease is hyperinsulinism.