CD4 and neoplasm: CD25– Tregs are induced in the periphery (different from thymus-derived CD25+ Tregs) from highly plastic tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells by immunosuppressive signals present in the TME68 and are highly immune-suppressive.69 Furthermore, we assessed the CD8+ CD44+/nTreg cell ratio across different treatment arms and found an association between lower ratios and impaired treatment response in tumors treated with RT +anti-PD-L1.