Indeed, soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and interferon-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10) which have both been previously associated with untreated HIV infection and have been associated with disease progression (24, –, 26) were significantly upregulated (sCD40L, 140.3 ± 137.2 pg/ml versus 3.4 ± 2.0 pg/ml; adjusted P value = 0.039; IP-10, 805.1 ± 493.973 pg/ml versus 228.2 ± 132.2 pg/ml, adjusted P value = 0.039, mean levels ± standard deviations [SD]) in patients with a viral rebound of ≤4 weeks. Here, CXCL10 is linked to HIV infectious disease.