APOE and depressive symptom measurement: Most work on sex/gender differences in dementia focuses on sex/gender differences in susceptibility to dementia-related pathological processes.24,25,26,28 A 2020 review by Ferretti et al13 outlines hypothesized sex/gender-specific risk factors for Alzheimer pathological processes (eg cardiovascular risk factors, depression, APOE*E4 genotype, and historically limited access to high-level education and societal leadership roles for women) and pathophysiological mechanisms for these differences (immune system and mitochondrial cascade).