By blocking programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), cancer immunotherapy has achieved remarkable therapeutic progress in various kinds of malignances, including HNSCC [29,30]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.