CXCL1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: There was a large interindividual variation in the levels of CXCL8 and CXCL1 in intervillous blood from women with SLE, and the concentrations of both chemokines were higher compared with those in peripheral blood (p=0.004 and p≤0.0001, respectively; figure 3A, B).