INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Despite continued innovation in diabetes treatments and technologies, DKA and SH rates remain relatively high worldwide, with large national registry data showing estimates of 2% to 16% of patients affected per year, varying by age group, treatment modality, country, and other factors.2–8,21–29 Encouragingly, recent studies suggest that insulin pump use is associated with a lower proportion of subjects with acute complications than multiple daily injections (MDI) in youth with type 1 diabetes.3–6