Bacterial infection can lead to the production of IFNs downstream of multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) found on macrophages, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) [18–20], RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) [16], and other cytosolic nucleic acid sensors such as MAVS and STING [21]. The gene discussed is MAVS; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.