Parasitic infections often lead to the upregulation of TNF-α, which was observed in cases infected with various parasites including A. cantonensis, Leishmania braziliensis (Nieto Gomez et al. 2019; Polari et al. 2019; Schwartz et al. 2018), Plasmodium (Grau and Lou 1995) and Toxoplasma gondii (Park et al. 2019; Pego et al. 2019). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.