Uchida and Okazaki (63) proposed a hypothesis and a diagram for the pathogenesis of type 1 AIP based on their studies as follows: In the initial stage of type 1 AIP, because of the decreased naïve Tregs and CD19+ CD24high CD27+ Bregs, effector T-cells are involved in tissue damage. This evidence concerns the gene CD27 and autoimmune pancreatitis type 1.