A murine study by Routy et al. demonstrated that antibiotics against the commensal Akkermansia muciniphila inhibited the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, while oral supplementation with the same bacterium after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from nonresponding patients improved the clinical outcomes in mouse models of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and NSCLC [108]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and renal cell carcinoma.