CD4 and AIDS: All variables with a p ≤ 0.1 in the univariate analysis were included in a logistic regression model using a forward stepwise approach, and were adjusted for urban residents, nadir CD4+ T-cell count, whether on-cART, and having one of the following comorbidities: Pneumocystis pneumonia, Cytomegalovirus disease, hepatitis C, toxoplasma encephalopathy, talaromycosis, non-AIDS malignancy, and kidney disease.