TNF and COVID-19: Wang and Xu (2000) found that HLJDD can significantly reduce the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and other inflammatory cytokines. Fang et al. (2004) found that HLJDD suppresses inflammation by reducing the level of inflammatory mediators such as PGE2. Research by Xu et al. (2019) reported that HLJDD can reduce the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation through the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. Furthermore, during the fight against COVID-19, HLJDD also played important roles (Guo and Sun, 2020; Wang et al., 2020).