CALD1 and breast cancer: By analyzing the relationship between the expression levels of caldesmon and podosome/invadopodium formation in rat fibroblast (3Y1), RSV-transformed 3Y1 (BY1), human colon carcinoma (HCA7), murine melanoma (B16F10), human breast cancer (MB435s), and rat breast cancer (MTC) cell lines, podosome/invadopodium formation increases in transformed and cancer cells when caldesmon is expressed at low levels, and higher levels of caldesmon inhibit their formation (Yoshio et al., 2007).