By analyzing the relationship between the expression levels of caldesmon and podosome/invadopodium formation in rat fibroblast (3Y1), RSV-transformed 3Y1 (BY1), human colon carcinoma (HCA7), murine melanoma (B16F10), human breast cancer (MB435s), and rat breast cancer (MTC) cell lines, podosome/invadopodium formation increases in transformed and cancer cells when caldesmon is expressed at low levels, and higher levels of caldesmon inhibit their formation (Yoshio et al., 2007). The gene discussed is CALD1; the disease is cancer.