IL6 and pulmonary emphysema: Wild type and IL-6 deficient mice had equal numbers of inflammatory cells present in the lungs on days 9 through 11 p.i. However, both IL-6-deficient and IL-6R-deficient mice had extensive vascular leakage, emphysema-like swelling of the alveoli, and widespread cell death of the airway epithelium (Dienz et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2017).