It has been suggested that up-regulation of VEGF is associated with advanced cancer stages, particularly lymph node metastasis and angiolymphatic invasion, and it may also predict a poor prognosis for CRC (38, 39).Taken together, serum based miR-1539 may provide clues underpinning molecular mechanisms for discrepant CRC prognoses (RCRC versus LCRC), and targeted anti-VEGF therapy. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and cancer.