ESR1 and breast cancer: Furthermore, as shown in Table 5, high expression of VDAC1 protein was detected in 73.97% (162/219) of BC tissues, which was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage (χ2 = 7.534, P = 0.007), higher histological grade (χ2 = 4.68, P = 0.033), recurrence (χ2 = 24.532, P < 0.001), HER2 gene amplification (χ2 = 6.949, P = 0.008), and lymph node metastasis (χ2 = 5.109, P = 0.03), but not with other examined clinicopathological parameters, including age (χ2 = 0.348, P = 0.636), ER status (χ2 = 0.729, P = 0.44), PR status (χ2 = 0.499, P = 0.535), and menopause (χ2 = 0.028, P = 0.878).