TLR9 and heart failure: Stimulation of TLR-9 can induce inflammation and HF, whereas TLR-9 deficiency or long-term administration of the TLR-9 inhibitor E6446 or chloroquine can prevent left ventricular dilatation and cardiac insufficiency, fibrosis, and inflammation [126–128], providing a new perspective for the intervention and treatment of inflammatory-related diseases such as chronic HF.