CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies have shown significant benefit in treatment of patients with NSCLC (Herbst et al., 2018), for example, pembrolizumab treatment achieved better clinical outcomes compared to platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients with high expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells (Herbst et al., 2016; Reck et al., 2016).