Thereby, iron chelation led to ROS production, activation of MAPK pathways and also induced expression and phosphorylation of the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) leading to blast differentiation in vitro, in vivo and also in one patient with secondary AML treated with DFX and vitamin D3 after relapse of the disease (133). The gene discussed is VDR; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.