Finally, group 3 included 7/88 (8%) CVID patients characterized by showing under-expression of CD38 together with higher levels of CD24 at the last stages of maturation of pre-GC B-cells, in line with the underlying increased counts of CD21+CD24+ mature naïve B cells observed among these cases vs. the other CVID patient groups 1 to 3: 137 vs 76, 42, and 59 cells/μl in CVID groups 1, group 2, and group 4, respectively (Table 1). The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is common variable immunodeficiency.