CVID patients showed overall reduced median absolute counts (vs HD) of the two more advanced stages of maturation of both CD5+ CD38+/++ CD21het CD24++ (2.7 vs 5.6 cells/μl, p=0.0004) and CD5+ CD38het CD21+ CD24+ (6.5 vs 17 cells/μl, p<0.0001) immature B cells (below normal HD levels in 22% and 37% of CVID patients). The gene discussed is CD5; the disease is common variable immunodeficiency.