Although activation of NLRP3 is critical for the clearance of extracellular pathogens and induction of the innate immune response, aberrant NLRP3 activity participates in the development of inflammation-related diseases, such as type II diabetes, gout, Alzheimer’s disease, Crohn’s disease, atherosclerosis, and sepsis (15). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is gout.