As shown in Figure 1A, pathological TTR amyloidosis is a multiple-step protein assembly process involving: 1) amino acid mutations lead to a dissociation of native TTR tetramers into abnormally TTR monomers; 2) misfolded TTR monomers associate into oligomers and protofibrils; 3) TTR oligomers and protofibrils elongate to form mature amyloidal fibrils (Dobson, 2003). The gene discussed is TTR; the disease is amyloidosis.