NEFL and Alzheimer disease: Previous studies have shown that the expression of NfL in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was correlated with cognitive function, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Weston et al., 2017), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (Rohrer et al., 2016), even in a small sample of vascular dementia (VaD) studies (Rosengren et al., 1999; Skillbäck et al., 2014).