TARDBP and neurodegenerative disease: Although significant alterations in brain levels of TDP-43, a marker associated with neurodegenerative disease processes, were previously observed following moderate-intensity BOP exposure (Heyburn et al., 2019a), we did not observe a significant change in TDP-43 levels following repeated low-level BOP exposure in the current study, though it was trending upward with increased BOP intensity (Figure 6).