Evaluation of synaptophysin immunoreactivity by confocal microscopy and volumetric quantification revealed significant decreases in this pre-synaptic marker in both the amygdala and the mPFC in the early AD brain that was restored to WT control levels in the EV-treated AD brain (Fig. 7a, b; P < 0.05 for AD vs either WT or AD+EV groups). This evidence concerns the gene SYP and Alzheimer disease.