VEGFA and renal cell carcinoma: Treatments for RCC have primarily targeted VEGF ligands (bevacizumab), VEGF receptors (sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, axitinib, cabozantinib), the mTOR pathway (temsirolimus, everolimus) and more recently PD-1 (pembrolizumab, nivolumab) and PD-L1 (atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab) [115].