It also improved maternal iron status as shown by an increased geometric mean concentration of hepcidin (by 136.4%); increased mean concentration of hemoglobin (by 9.0 g/L); increased geometric mean concentration of ferritin (by 95.6%); and a reduced prevalence of anemia (by 29.1%) and iron deficiency (by 27.1%). Here, HAMP is linked to anemia (phenotype).