VHL and renal cell carcinoma: While patients with germline partial deletions (PD), in which one or two exons of VHL are deleted, have been reported to be at risk for the development of an aggressive form of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and mild incidence of pheochromocytoma, patients with complete deletions (CD) are more likely to exhibit mild kidney disease and virtually no incidence of pheochromocytoma (Chen et al., 1995; Franke et al., 2009; Maranchie et al., 2004).