VEGFA, p21-activated kinase (PAK2), cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (SRC), RhoA/ROCK signaling [ROCK1(Rho Associated Coiled-Coil Containing Protein Kinase 1) and WASF2 (WASP Family Member 2) are all essential for multiple aspects of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and are all significantly downregulated in old macaques with COVID-19 (Fig. 7a, b). Here, VEGFA is linked to COVID-19.