MMPs, which degrade and modify the extracellular matrix, also play critical roles in EMT to promote cancer metastasis.26,27 Accordingly, the present study shows that CPX significantly inhibited GBM cell growth, migration, and invasion via regulation of N-Cadherin-Snail-MMP9 signaling pathways in human GBM cell lines. The gene discussed is SNAI1; the disease is glioblastoma.