INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: This pattern have also been reported in non-pregnant populations, where higher plasmenyl-phospholipids consisting of O-alk-1′-enyl linkage (also known as plasmalogen) have been associated with higher insulin sensitivity, lower insulin secretion and higher risk of type 2 diabetes.39 40 Plasmalogen is an essential constituent of animal lipid membrane41 and act as an antioxidant to prevent lipoprotein oxidation.39 They also have anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory property,42 which may play a role in minimizing the risk for GDM.