HGF and cancer: Besides hypoxia, adaptive changes in cancer cells following therapy (such as the Warburg effect) [135], as well as several growth factors, can trigger EMT programs, with the relevant factors being transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin growth factor (IGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PGDF) [126,127].