Similarly, high A2aR expression results in an increased binding of adenosine and leads to accumulation of immunosuppressive Tregs, MDSCs, proliferation of cancer-associated fibroblasts, inhibition of effector T-cells, lowering of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and other anti-immune inhibitory consequences in NSCLC [111]. This evidence concerns the gene ADORA2A and non-small cell lung carcinoma.