AFP and neoplasm: According to the second study performed in patients with pathologically confirmed HCC (training cohort 146 patients, validation cohort 62 patients), the AUC was 0.861 (C-index of 0.864), with a sensitivity of 89.5%, a specificity of 81.4%, and an accuracy of 83.9%, using precontrast and contrast-enhanced MRI with gadoxetic acid and clinical factors including AFP, nonsmooth tumor margin, and arterial peritumoral enhancement [50].