NF-κB plays a pivotal role in the development of CMV infection after kidney transplantation, and consequently genetic alterations like the NFKB1 -94ins/delATTG promoter polymorphism seem to have a clinical impact and should therefore be taken into consideration for risk-adapted CMV prophylaxis regimens regarding donor and recipient serostatus. Here, NFKB1 is linked to cytomegalovirus infection.