Ectopic EAT has been suggested to play a significant role in promoting coronary artery atherosclerosis, arrhythmogenesis and heart failure (HF), through dysregulation of various types of adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)) and via increased exosomal miRNAs synthesis [11]. Here, TNF is linked to heart failure.