TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Obesity is always associated with chronic inflammation of white adipose tissue characterized by a dysregulated production of inflammatory cytokines (adipokines), including monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and anti-inflammatory IL-10, playing a key role in the onset of the obesity [29].