These data distinguish COVID-19-associated ARDS from influenza virus-associated ALI-ARDS, which is characterized by the activation of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and NLRP3 and the downregulation of TLR2 and RIG1 [85,86,87,88,89,90]. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.