TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: As for biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs), available evidence, which is based mainly on cross-sectional or retrospective studies, suggests that rituximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab could prove safe for treatment of RA-ILD [28,29,30,31,32], whereas tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (anti-TNF) have been associated with a risk of lung impairment [27].