The highly up-regulated genes during the early stage of infection in Tetep included transcription factors like WRKY, MYB and ERF; defense genes like chitinases, laccases, lipoxygenases, peroxidases, phenyl alanine ammonia lyase, and pathogenesis related (PR) genes; MAP kinases, genes involved in respiratory burst and signaling, etc. MAP kinases and WRKY transcription factors are involved in signal transduction to activate defense gene expression [49]. This evidence concerns the gene ERF and infection.