ROC analyses for the detection of progressive disease yielded significant AUCs for HMGB1 concentrations in adenocarcinomas before cycles 2 (AUC = 0.764, p = 0.015) and 3 (AUC = 0.896, p < 0.001), whereas in squamous cell carcinomas, a significant differentiation by HMGB1 levels was only achieved before cycle 3 (AUC = 0.879, p = 0.002). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is squamous cell carcinoma.