The present data, however, show that GM-CSF, IL1β, IL-10 and IL-12 were below the detection range in the brain homogenates of APP/PS1 mice, while serum levels of GM-CSF, IL1β, IL-10 and IL-12 were affected by AD pathology and modulated by intranasally administered losartan [3]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is Alzheimer disease.