The present data, however, show that GM-CSF, IL1β, IL-10 and IL-12 were below the detection range in the brain homogenates of APP/PS1 mice, while serum levels of GM-CSF, IL1β, IL-10 and IL-12 were affected by AD pathology and modulated by intranasally administered losartan [3]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Alzheimer disease.