CCL11 and malignant colon neoplasm: For instance, it has been demonstrated that the CCL11-CCR3 interaction promotes the cell survival of anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells and the invasion of prostate cancer cells by the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) [27,28], and the CCL7-CCR3 axis contributes to the metastasis of colon cancer cells by regulating the ERK- Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK) signaling pathways [29].